Innovative language: A critical review Innovative language learning, LLC www.innovativelanguage.com

Abstract

The reliance on technology for L2 teaching and learning has particularly increased since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 (Ghanbari & Nowroozi, 2021). Although distance learning seems to be the most obvious remedy for the lack of access to classroom learning, an alternative for many learners has been a number of technology-mediated commercial products that provide the opportunity for self-directed L2 learning. Rosetta Stone, Duolingo, and HelloTalk are among the many popular language learning platforms available on the market